Artificial Selection Redux: Part 3

Intelligence

So, you’ve received a message but what do you do with it? That’s up to your intelligence. Like money, intelligence is a resource and, as with all resources, just having it isn’t enough. You need to do something with it. I’m sure most of us know someone who is ‘full of useless information’. Someone who’s accumulated seemingly random bits of knowledge here and there then stored them to be accessed when the time is right. I’m also sure a few of us have wondered how such a person might better themselves since they clearly have the capacity to take in information, process it, understand it then store it.

The problem is intelligence. They might have a good memory but they’re not utilising it effectively. Intelligence would allow them to do something with that ability. Stephen Fry, for example, has said he’s not really smart but he has a good memory. If that’s true then he’s used his memory intelligently to get to where he is. That and his comedic talent.

Intelligence gives us the facility of self-awareness. It allows us to measure ourselves against our peers as a benchmark to see if we’ve reached our peak in a certain area or do we have further to go? If we conclude we have further to go, then we seek the next objective and work towards that.

Intelligence allows us to recognise when things are going right or wrong for us. Through the balancing of logic, reason, emotional knowledge, sharpness, etc we can determine if our current trajectory is productive or not. This ability of foresight also comes under the banner of intelligence.

In short, intelligence allows us to know who we are, what we can do and where we need to go to achieve a certain goal. It allows us to evolve and change as we age.

Let’s say you have two sets of grandparents. Both are in their seventies but both lead very different lives. One set leads a fairly mundane and predictable life. Grandpa tends to the garden, reads a paper, watches TV and goes to sleep. Grandma does cooking, cleaning and goes walks. And that’s it for them. The other set plans world cruises, regularly has meetings with a financial adviser to mange their pensions and investments and generally keeps themselves active and sociable.

Who’s aged better? Who’s being more intelligent?

Correct. It’s the latter set because they have enough intelligence to know that looking after themselves, maintaining relationships outside of their marriage, going to new places and keeping on top of their finances all contribute to being able to have a good life for longer.

You want another example? Go look up any older actor working today. Let’s say, 50+ years old. Look them up on IMDB and see how many projects they’ve got on the go. Then go and watch an interview with them. When I say interview, I don’t mean a press junket for a new film they’re promoting. Go find an interview where they are being allowed to talk about themselves and their career on their own terms (A good one for starters is Terence Stamp). Look at their body language and how they express themselves. They’re animated, funny, coherent, compelling and articulate. Just from watching, you can see that this person has made a lot of decisions for themselves and learned a lot from them regardless of outcome. That’s intelligence in action. And you can see that in a number of areas.

I remember giving an interview for an Honours student at my old university and I talked about how students are more willing to do grunt work (call centres, waiting tables, working at fast food chains, etc) compared to, say, non-students. What I highlighted was that these people were intelligent enough to know that they weren’t going to be there for long. This wasn’t the end of the road. It was the beginning. And the skills and behaviours they learn in these places can be used once they’ve finished their degrees. I know this because I did it. I worked in a call centre for three years whilst I was studying. It wasn’t great (frankly, it was soul destroying but it was good money for being a student and evening hours allowed me to attend uni and work. It was a good deal) but I always told myself it was temporary because I was going to graduate and move on to something better. I knew, through intelligence, that I was more capable than the job I was doing. I just didn’t have the experience yet. The same can be said for now. I’m currently unemployed but I’m not sitting idle. I’m writing this blog because I have a novel I’m working on which I want to use to launch a writing career. That’s my long-term goal. The short to medium one is to build a readership. The even shorter one is tweaking my CV, searching daily for new roles and regularly using my network of recruitment agents. Intelligence also allows planning and creativity.

I’m not sitting about wallowing in misery. That’s not a productive use of time or energy. Did I need a break after over six years of not really having any? Yes. Did I want to do it this way? Heck, no. But the opportunity to find something I want to do has been given so, using intelligence, I’ve deemed it a wise move to get stuck into the thing I’ve neglected for some time. Writing.

So, intelligence is an excellent resource. It’s like having an OP superpower only much more toned down for us mere mortals. We can use it to see likely outcomes from a set number of options; we can reflect on the past to ensure anything negative isn’t repeated; we can make the most of the present by recognising the opportunities it offers and we can take all that information, weigh up the pros and cons of all the options using sound judgement and reasoned arguments to come to a clear, concise decision and plan of action.

You can see why the animals and plants don’t stand much of a chance. An overabundance of intelligence is deadly when channelled properly.

Network

“It’s not what you know, it’s who you know.” is the old saying. There’s a lot of truth to it. I’ve seen it in action. When I was at Retail Bank HQ, we had a guy come in who just looked completely out of place. Long, wavy hair, uber laid back and overly friendly. He was like an uncomfortable hippy. Partly because he was. He’d just come from being a butcher in Tesco and, somehow, wound up having a job at one of the world’s biggest financial institutions. How does that happen, you ask.

Mum’s the word.

No, really. His mum got him the job. You see, she’d been working at the bank for years and was pally with the head of my department so, through that, her son got a job. Was he any good? Not really. He wandered in late most mornings, hid behind the parade of incompetence shown by his Greek colleague (who was actually very nice and more competent than him) and had to get bailed out by the more senior and far superior member of the team.

The behaviour continued for months. Under normal circumstances, such a show of unreliability and ineffectiveness would have seen this guy shown the door. But it didn’t happen. To be fair, he did suffer from anxiety and depression but so did I and I managed to come in on time and do my job so I don’t know why this one couldn’t. Maybe it was the steep learning curve of going from a butcher’s assistant to working with the HR systems of one of the biggest and most complex organisations on the planet. Again, under normal circumstances, he’d have been escorted off the premises.

My firm belief was that it was the politicking going on between the mother, head of the department and the manager that kept this guy in a job. The team complained about him (privately and out of earshot of anyone who might report it) and he didn’t really seem to improve. Within the first month of him starting, he tried to make friends with me (I already had him at arm’s reach so was on guard) and he revealed something I really don’t think was a good move.

“I don’t care how many arses I have to kiss. I’ll do it.” he told me.

That was the crux of his career right there. And from then on, I could see how he tried to make friends with senior managers and keep his own manager sweet as well as the department head. Generally, it didn’t work too well because he wasn’t mature enough to hold a deep and meaningful conversation with adults. So, he resorted to being the office idiot. When I watched The Big Lebowski for the first time, I realised this guy modelled himself exactly like Jeff Bridges. The attitude, tone of voice and, for the most part, the attire. It was insane how close this guy was to inhabiting the character. And he did sort of bumble his way into things. This kind of worked for him but, ultimately, no one took him seriously so no real work went his way. What worked more in his favour was getting a haircut and changing his attitude. He started coming in on time and wasn’t trying to be quite as pally with his manager but more showing he could take orders and see them through. In short, he either decided to become a competent worker or, I suspect more likely, to be competent at rimming.

What I learned about this person was that we wasn’t particularly good at networking in a corporate environment. In general, he wasn’t that good to talk to. Not enough variety of conversation.

And that’s a key component of building a wide-reaching network. Not just being able to talk about a variety of subjects but to have thoughts and opinions on them too. It allows people to find common ground with you which, in turn, may lead to admiration, respect, friendship and so on.

The ability to create a network makes many aspects of life much easier. A loving family will support and guide you no matter what. A good group of friends will share in your worst moments and celebrate in your best. A set of well-selected colleagues will make your life at work much more bearable especially when the proverbial hits the fan.

Knowing who to go to in a given circumstance is a key strategy for personal growth and maturity. You can have all the knowledge, talent, skills and resourcefulness going but they mean nothing if you don’t know someone who can provide a channel. Imagine if Lewis Hamilton didn’t know where his car went for repairs and maintenance. Or if Serena Williams didn’t know who supplied her gear. It would make them look pretty ignorant and arrogant since they have to work with those people to ensure they perform at their best.

Let’s go two or three decades back. Imagine if their parents never cared enough to seek out ways to get their talented children a shot on the world stage? We’d be deprived of two of the best athletes the world has seen.

Or imagine if Bruce Dickinson decided not to meet manager Rod Smallwood at a tent during a festival where they discussed him joining Iron Maiden as the new frontman. The band would have likely never made it out of the 80’s. Instead, they became one the biggest bands on the planet.

The point I’m making here is that your connections help determine your path. We’re told that the main reason people leave their jobs is because of poor culture and poor managers. It’s true but the reason it’s true is lack of connection. If you don’t feel like you belong to a place, you end up isolated and wayward. Lack of a good, supportive network can send people on dark and lonely paths and because they’re not in the network, no one sees them so it can get worse unless they bump into someone else who happens to have gone astray. And, depending on how they got astray, will help determine if that person forges a positive connection or continues alone and unconcerned for.

A network of people offers a mirror of yourself. You look at other people and you know why you get on with them. Because they have a piece of something that’s already within you. And vice versa for them. Our network represents us no matter how big or small.

And how you go about creating one is down to the final attribute.

Smart

This is the big kahuna. If the previous attributes were all weapons this would be John Wick.

To me, being smart is not about intelligence as many people seem to think. If that were true, all the intelligent people would be in far better places than they already are. Academics would be running the show and not politicians. Education would be of a far higher standard and…

Education. That reminds me. I read a BBC article (This one – https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-46019429) last year and I wasn’t surprised with its findings. The article says that there’s an increasing number of medical students who lack dexterity. Tasks like sewing fabric or cutting wood which were traditionally taught at home or at school are no longer done so. This led to a generation who didn’t really know how to use their hands ergo the students had to be taught these skills first before being taught how to sew tissue or cut through bone.

Intelligent people yet not so smart. The smart thing for them to do would be to have learned these skills ahead of time which, in turn, would have saved valuable time being used training said skills and teaching the skills they’re supposed to really learn.

Smart is being prepared so you can be more efficient when it comes to doing a particular task.

Smart is knowing the levels of all your other attributes and knowing which one to use and when. If you have an attractive personality but are also assertive, a smart person would use their personality more when at a party. Vice versa when in the office negotiating a deal. A not so smart person would suck at both.

Let’s take musicians. Many of them know that they’d never be where they are if it weren’t for talent. They knew they had it and were smart enough to work on it. They gave up all other pursuits and submitted themselves only to the music; They worked with what they had available be it cheap instruments, a garage or someone’s basement; They worked on the music and nothing but the music; They worked on making music they wanted to play but also people wanted to listen to; They drew in other people to get them listening to it; They made connections with the right people to get shows so more people could hear their music; And they let everyone around them know what was going so they could collaborate on all aspects of the music.

That example there shows all attributes being used and you can apply that to pretty much any scenario involving someone you think is successful or is on their way to success.

No matter what you think of Trump, he was smart enough to get himself elected. How it happened, we may never fully know but you don’t get the White House without being smart. I’m not going to turn this section into a vehicle for hating on Trump but you do have to hand it to him. The opportunity was there and it was taken.

He may not be the most articulate, humble, diplomatic or respectful leader but he was elected at a time when America wanted some real change and the Democrat candidate wasn’t convincing enough. So, for Trump, it was probably the best time to run for office.

Where was I headed with this last section? Oh, yes. Utilising your best attributes is a sign of being smart. Part of this, I believe, comes from the fact that we, as a species, have outgrown our environment. We went and created one of our own and so I use the term ‘smart’ in a holistic and evolutionary sense. In the way the smartphone has gone beyond the ability of making and receiving phone calls. It can still do that but it can do a heap of other stuff too.

We have gone beyond our relatively simple purposes. Yes, we still need to eat, breathe, drink, reproduce, sleep, etc but we do it now in a very different way than we used to. The bar was raised. We, in almost every sense, separated ourselves from our animal kin. They are no longer the competition. We are.

And it’s only really been in the last few centuries that we’ve been competing against each other. The fights started out over land, food, water and people. Then, when we could build, we fought over property.

Since there hasn’t been a conflict like WWII in over 70 years, we’ve had to compete in new ways and these attributes are becoming more and more crucial. People on decent wages are having to fight over where to live because people with property to sell charge higher prices than is perhaps reasonable.

We compete for jobs and have to show we’re driven, passionate, determined and innovative.

We even compete over popularity now. Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Youtube are the platforms we use to determine whether to follow you or not regardless of whether your content’s any good or not.

Yes, to some extent, we’ve always done that but generally there was real meaning behind it. You’d follow a particular faith because you believed it would take you on a better path. You followed a company because it would give you security for life. You’d dedicate your life to a cause because it was a vocation and not because it looked good on your CV. Now, companies demand loyalty and commitment upfront which makes the competition even harder.

It would seem that thinking only about ourselves is a misguided notion to believing we’re making the smart choice.

Wrong.

By not being smart and utilising our attributes effectively, I believe we’re heading for a lot of uncertainty. If anything, I think we’re reaching a level where our artificial structures are starting to fail. Take the US presidential campaign and the UK referendum on the EU. In both instances, we had people desperate for change who voted for uncertainty over nothing. That’s a scary prospect and I think it will have a number of repercussions.

A big contributor to the respective political situations has come from people in positions of great power and influence with access to vast resources thinking they can play another game. They are thinking they can be above the selection process and it’s backfiring. Why? They’re not submitting to the will of their people; They’re not popular in any real way; They abuse the funds the people have handed over through taxation; They are wasting resources rather than being prudent, efficient and clever with them; They are not being clear in what they tell the people; And they are abusing any and all networks to cover themselves and cast themselves in a better light.

Go on. Apply those attributes to those two very current situations and tell me how you don’t get failure. What’s going on there isn’t smart. It’s dumb. Horrendously so. Painfully true as well.

Another problem with not being smart is that, if you have one, some or all of those attributes and you don’t use them then you’re not just a liability to others but you’re a liability to yourself. If you have the raw materials for success then go and refine them and turn them into an asset.

Take the character Forrest Gump. He wasn’t intelligent but he was smart. He built an influential network of people who were genuinely invested in him as a person. He did communicate clearly and he put himself through an awful lot which drew him a big following. The culmination of which saw Forrest being given a lot of money from his share in the investment of Apple Computers. He used that money to renovate his local church, build a medical centre for Bubba whilst giving Bubba’s family enough money to never have to work again. And he did these because he knew he wanted to.

These are smart decisions because he gave back to those who gave him what he needed to get to where he eventually arrived. From what I can recall of the character, he had six of the nine attributes (Money, Assertion, Network, Submission, Communication and Attractiveness) and made as best use of them as he could.

I want to end with this. The reason I called this ‘Artificial Selection’ is because we have subverted the natural order. People who have been placed differently in the natural world are able to get higher in our world. That’s great if you have a disability because you can achieve more of your potential as opposed to being left to suffer and wither. But what about those who may be less deserving of their place? They can use the world to their advantage to hide, plot and manipulate. The natural world is cruel but fair. You have to be strong to survive. In our world? Not so much.

The former CEO of RBS, Fred Goodwin, was able to get that spot through greed, narcissism and egotistical agendas. He was anti-social and, if you read the book ‘Shredded’ by Ian Fraser, you’ll learn he treated the banks’ resources like his own. Such a thing can only happen in a world where all the components can be moulded to fit your purpose. True, he had money, a network, a clear trajectory, intelligence, was articulate but the two main attributes missing for his role were attractiveness and submission. Being reclusive and controlling didn’t make him popular with shareholders, investors or clients. I believe these are two key attributes that make a great CEO and, with them missing, played a major role into why Fred Goodwin caused RBS to collapse and take ten years to turn a profit.

And that’s the problem. The mechanics of our world are human. The stock market is driven by emotion. If a favourable announcement is made, market sentiment pushes the value up to reflect excitement. A less favourable announcement pushes it down out of fear or panic. The stock market, like humans, is irrational and thus responds accordingly.

So, if we are to succeed whether individually or collectively, we must utilise our attributes as best we can.

As the saying goes, ‘Keep It Simple Stupid.’

Now, that would be smart.

Artificial Selection Redux: Part 2

In the second part of this blog, I will be going over the next two attributes I think we need in order to be selected for success.

Submission

It may sound contradictory but submission is an extremely useful behaviour to have in our man-made environment. Trade, debate, favours, negotiation, collaboration, conversation, hospitality all involve submission to varying degrees. What submission teaches is compromise and it promotes harmony because every transaction is mutually beneficial and is either redeemed now or later in the future through delayed gratification.

In romantic relationships, emotional availability is a key component to healthy interactions between both partners. If one or neither submits their feelings or is willing to give themselves for the good of the other then the relationship is in serious trouble or doomed to fail

Arguably, the most successful political regimes are submissive ones where an appointed or an elected leader must carry out their duty with the good of their country and their people at the forefront. They should not be there to run their own agenda. That would be domination because power, resources, influence, etc is being taken away with nothing being given in return. The only place, in my view, where we should be seeing domination is in sport. That’s where the art of competition comes alive and we want to see the battle between two sides to see which one comes out on top. It’s thrilling and exciting but that behaviour, if used outside of sport, comes with terrible consequences.

Going back to submissive regimes for a moment, if you look at monarchies, they married into other royal houses. This was, typically, the most successful way to expand and strengthen a kingdom. One family would submit a female member to a prince or king so they could produce an heir and, in return, they would get land, titles, maybe money, and the protection of the realm. Hence one act of submission (gain of a fertile princess or queen) results in another (gain of wealth and protection). A trade is done because the prince or king knows they can (excuse me for making this sound inhuman. I’m breaking the example down to base level components) create something better with the new element than it would be able to on its own. In other words, with his chosen female, he knows he can create a better kingdom.

In democratic nations, we can take the progression of each one and compare against those under tyrannical rule or dictatorship. For the most part, a democracy will allow a person to choose where they live, where they are educated, where they work, where they socialise, shop, etc. They are given civil liberties and social freedoms. Their views can be expressed (submission) but they cannot be forced upon others (domination) as other people are entitled to their views. The same cannot be said under tyranny or dictatorship. From what I’ve reasonably observed, people in these regimes are told what to say, what they cannot say, where to go, when they should be at home, where they can work, where they can be educated, etc. In others words, dominant societies end up oppressing, suppressing, repressing and depressing their people. They cannot express themselves how they’d like and they cannot do as they please. This causes anger but that anger cannot be expressed because of a larger, overshadowing emotion.

Fear.

Dominance brings about fear. Usually, a fear of loss whether that be land, property, income, family or your own life. Being dominated (in the truest sense) creates a lot of fear which creates a lot of stress and people who are stressed don’t function well. But that’s fine if you’re a dictator or tyrant because you want control of all the people, land, property, resources and wealth anyway. Your country, in turn, won’t do very well. Just look at Africa. How many billions in aid has been sent over the last thirty years? It should have made a significant difference but it hasn’t. Yes, those countries are improving but not at the rate they should have. Part of the reason is financial domination. The corrupt governments take the money and either use it to buy weapons and drugs to sell on the black market or…they invest it back into the countries that gave them the money; Make money on the world’s stock exchanges and become even richer without having to spend a penny of their own cash.

Take families. If parents don’t submit themselves to being a parent then the child will grow up neglected. That neglect will likely manifest into fear which, as they get older, usually turns into resentment and anger. That’s dangerous. The same happens in romantic relationships. Devotion and commitment are submission in different forms and we all know that you must invest (another form) in order to make a relationship grow and flourish. Same can be said for so many things.

In democratic nations, people are generally more relaxed and able to enjoy life more. For the most part, this culminates in improved productivity hence its generally democratic nations that are currently the wealthiest and most powerful. Why? I would say because by submitting a large part of control to the people, they will feel more thankful. This, in turn, creates loyalty which is another form of submission. As the saying goes, ‘You scratch my back, I scratch yours.’ Like any healthy relationship, there must be give and take. Anyone who’s had a controlling partner will know the amount of trauma and stress that comes with such a person.

But the relationships aren’t always that clear. Take the current Brexit goings-on here in the UK. The government performed an act of submission by allowing the people to vote on whether to stay in or leave the EU because there was enough demand for it. The people voted to leave and, for the last three years, the UK government, from what can be seen, has not successfully submitted itself to the will of its people. Instead, it looks like it’s trying to dominate the people by not delivering what was voted for. The result? Chaos. The UK government is falling over itself partly due to too many small agendas. Whilst we will probably never know what they are, we have a good idea that most people who enter politics now rarely do so with the good of the people at heart. Why bother with that when there’s money, power, influence and a level of non-accountability to be gained?

Brexit is a great example of the submission practice or, rather, lack of it. The general unwillingness of the electorate to see through what was voted for is the government effectively telling its people their vote doesn’t matter. And yet, their attempts to dominate proceedings are failing as well because they’re showing the world that the fifth most powerful government in the world cannot act as one cohesive unit regardless of personal feelings.

I could meander into the current US administration but I think I’ll leave that for another post.

Perhaps, the most egregious example of dominance is Hitler. His hatred of ‘imperfection’ led him to want to dominate the world and eradicate any and all people that didn’t fall under his view of perfection. If you didn’t fit his model for the ‘Arian Race’ you were hunted and killed.

In fact, the Second World War was perhaps the last major effort of one group making a concerted effort to force all others into their way of thinking and living.

I say that because it was the last effort of intentionally trying to dominate the world. Nowadays, things are quieter. More subtle. More sinister. Terrorism had a go but the organisations are too small, too poorly organised and not well funded or equipped enough to make a real dent on the Western World – 9/11 aside. They cause upset and panic but, in reality, they’ve had little effect. So little that we don’t really hear about them now.

Fundamentally, submission is the path of least resistance to success. I don’t mean material gains because you don’t need those to feel successful.

Let’s look at this from a more unconventional viewpoint. In the world of BDSM, it’s quite common for a ‘submissive’ to visit a ‘dominant’ to have their bodies used in any way they see fit. But who has the real control? Yes, the dominant is using and abusing the submissive in a variety of ways but who asked for it? Who encourages it? Who says it’s OK? Who has the safeword? The submissive. Hence, in this context, the idea of submission allows that person to get exactly what they want. A person relinquishes control over to the ‘domme’ and, in exchange, they get their wildest fantasies fulfilled. But if they don’t give in then the experience isn’t fun for either party.

To end this section, I want you to think about this. Think about the most successful person you know. They don’t have to be rich or famous. At least not on the world stage. Could be a neighbour, friend, colleague, family member, etc. What did they do to get the car they wanted or the house or the loving family or the fantastic lifestyle or the self-sufficient business?

Work.

They gave themselves over to work. They submitted their skills, talents, knowledge, personality and expertise in exchange for something they wanted and they got it because they kept submitting.

Let’s flip that around and imagine they dominated. They’d most likely not have any of what they wanted because they’re mindset would narrow. They might tell themselves that they’re ‘too good’ for where they are but won’t make the effort to improve. But then, they’d only do that for the ‘right’ people or place. We’ve all met people like that. Those who like to be grander than they are. They have the ideas but not the inclination or conviction. ‘Something’ always gets in the way.

The problem?

That word again. Fear.

They dominate their own minds because they are scared of either success or failure just from the thought of trying. An act of submission takes real courage because you don’t know the outcome. To give yourself over to an idea, a person or a group takes a lot of faith and trust in who or whatever is on the other side.

And if history has taught us anything about tyrants and dictators, it’s that, deep down, they were afraid and so they sought to control.

And history also tells us – it never works.

Communication

A major reason why submission is so scary is lack of communication. Whether it’s lack of will or means, poor communication stops things progressing because communication is how we transact information. How can you give yourself over to something or someone if you’re unsure of their intentions?

Clear and concise exchanges are needed to ensure we’re all of the same understanding and in agreement regardless of the context. If we don’t know what’s going on then how are we going to know what to do?

I’ll take myself as an example. My partner and I do have some communication problems. She tends to miss out important details and I tend to not ask for them thinking she’s given me all I need to know. Last year, we went to a wedding and all she kept saying was things like “When we go to Dumfries…” or “When we’re in Dumfries…”.

So, to my mind, the wedding was in Dumfries. When we set off, I was given a Dumfries postcode so all things pointed to Dumfries. As we got 16 miles out, my satnav kept telling me to turn off the main road. I ignored it as I hadn’t updated it and kept going.

We maybe travelled three or four miles before my girlfriend pointed out we were going the wrong way. My satnav had been correct all along.

I turned round and went back to the nearest junction where my satnav previously told me to turn off the main road. We drove through a few hamlets until we reached the hamlet of Tynron. My satnav showed our destination as being a house at the corner of a junction. After we parked up, met our host and got settled, I remember being a bit annoyed. I had been under the impression that Dumfries was our location when it wasn’t. It was a hamlet in Dumfries and Galloway. The county not the town.

That episode was a fairly minor thing but it’s something that happens all too often in our relationship. Small but important details get missed and it results in something happening that could have easily been avoided. All through not having been clear and articulating exactly what is meant.

I learned my lesson. My girlfriend doesn’t do geography or navigation so, as the driver in the relationship, I get all details ahead of time so I can plan my route. We have less trouble as a result.

And so, communication is a vital element in success. A clear message that can be easily read and understood can make the difference between life and death and clear any unnecessary frustration and stress.

Being as crystal clear as possible will make you more efficient in all areas of life which, in turn, will make you more successful. The ability to articulate in simple terms is highly valued. It makes you easy to understand but also easy to talk to. From my own observations, this is why I believe highly educated and talented people who can ‘talk to the common man’ are more attractive (i.e. more popular) than those who can’t or won’t. By being able to engage in conversation with people at all levels whether they’re a CEO, retired gardener, supermarket assistant or a celebrity, if you can talk to all of them at their respective levels then you will create better connections which may prove useful later on.

Communication is a direct reflection of who a person is at a given point in time. How they do it gives you an indication of their internal workings. Of course, we can’t know exactly how a person thinks (until someone invents brain hacking then we’re in trouble) but their way of communicating gives us an idea.

Conversely, how a person receives and interprets a message also says a lot about the next attribute which you can read about next time.